917:. The surviving Jesuits burned the mission after abandoning it to prevent its capture. The extensive Iroquois attack shocked and frightened the surviving Huron. The Huron were geographically cut off from trade with the Dutch and British by the Iroquois Confederacy, who had access to free trade with all the Europeans in the area especially the Dutch. This forced them to continue to use lithic tools and weapons like clubs, bows and arrows, stone scrapers, and cutters. This is compared to the near-universal use of European iron tools by Iroquois groups in the area. Huron trade routes were consistently pillaged by raiders, and the lack of firearms discouraged the Hurons' trade with the French, at least without French protection. As a result of their lack of exposure, the Huron did not have as much experience using firearms compared to their neighbors, putting them at a significant disadvantage when firearms were available to them, and when available, their possession of firearms made them a larger target for Iroquois aggression.1634:") as the mainstay of their diet, saving seeds of various types, and working to produce the best crops for different purposes. They have also collected nuts, fruit, and wild root vegetables, with their preparation of this produce supplemented primarily by fish caught by the men. The men traditionally hunt deer and other animals available during the game seasons. Women have traditionally done most of the crop planting, cultivation, and processing, although men help with the heaviest work of clearing fields or, historically, fortifying villages with wooden palisades. Wood has traditionally been gathered and brush cleared by the60:
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Boys are given miniature bows so they may practice hunting very small game. All young children are integrated into society, and given small tasks and responsibilities based on their age. Boys accompany men on some hunting events to learn firsthand how to hunt, receive tips on what to do while hunting, and develop needed skills for when they are older. Girls learn the same way, by following and watching the women conduct their daily routines, mimicking them on a smaller scale.
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1248:. The tribes were allowed to keep small pockets of land in the territory. The Treaty of Brownstown was signed by Governor Hull on November 7, 1807, and provided the Indigenous nations with a payment of $ 10,000 in goods and money along with an annual payment of $ 2,400 in exchange for an area of land that included the southeastern one-quarter of the lower peninsula of Michigan. In 1819, the1437:
adjudicated claims, and Congress allocated $ 800 million to compensate tribes for losses due to treaties broken by the US government, or losses of land due to settlers who invaded their territories. The Wyandot filed a land claim for compensation due to the forced sale of their land in the Ohio region to the federal government under the 1830
893:
1799:(Petun). Each of these two peoples were Iroquoian-speaking and near relatives of the Huron. The Tobacco people are known to have also occupied the western 65 miles (105km) stretch of the south shore of Lake Ontario. Their survivors are known to have consolidated populations with the Huron, later developing as the Wyandot.1412:
Archeological work in Canada and the United States has revealed the Wyandot's ancestral roots in what are now Canada and the United States. It also has provided evidence about the peoples' migrations and interactions with other Indigenous groups, as well as the French and British colonists. Beginning
1298:
regarding the current condition of his tribe. The Wyandot had received nearly $ 127,000 for their lands in 1845. Big Turtle noted that, in the spring of 1850, the tribal chiefs retroceded the granted land to the government. They invested $ 100,000 of the proceeds in 5% government stock. After removal
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Since the 1991 season, Eastern Michigan athletic teams have gone by the nickname "Eagles". Prior to the 1991 season EMU used the name "Hurons". EMU used the Hurons name and Indian logo from 1929 until 1991. Despite much controversy, support of the Huron tribes in Oklahoma and Quebec, and anger among
1448:
Although Congress intended to have a deadline by which Indigenous claims had to be settled, Federal district courts continued to hear land claims and other cases for compensation. In February 1985, the US government finally agreed to pay descendants of the Wyandot $ 5.5 million to settle the tribe's
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THESE are to certify that the CHIEF of the HURON tribe of Indians, having come to me in the name of His Nation, to submit to His BRITANNICK MAJESTY, and make Peace, has been received under my Protection, with his whole Tribe; and henceforth no English Officer or party is to molest, or interrupt them
827:
They are robust, and all are much taller than the French. Their only covering is a beaver skin, which they wear upon their shoulders in the form of a mantle; shoes and leggings in winter, a tobacco pouch behind the back, a pipe in the hand; around their necks and arms bead necklaces and bracelets of
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says the Wyandot name may have evolved after the union of the two related peoples, the Tobacco (Petun) and the Huron, who consolidated after the mid-17th-century invasions and conquests by Iroquois League nations from south of the Great Lakes. The editors imply that the Tobacco people were directly
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would visit him in the form of a fire, ghost, or bird (such as a crow or eagle) and explain the cause of the illness and its cure. These medicine men also administered to the dying, interpreting their dreams and visions. The Hurons believed that those who were dying had a special connection to the
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As children grow older, they slowly grow into their roles within their society. Both genders learn from adults how to do certain things that later will help the tribe. For example, as children, girls learn how to make doll clothing, which teaches them the skills needed to make garments for people.
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covered with tree bark similar to other Iroquoian cultural groups, which could house twenty or more families in one dwelling, and were in different lengths, some being thirty or forty feet in length. A typical village or town historically had 900 to 1,600 people organized into 30 or 40 longhouses.
1324:
reported that the judges of the election were three elders who were trusted by their peers. The Wyandot offered some of the floating sections of land for sale on the same day at $ 800. A section was composed of 640 acres (2.6km). Altogether 20,480 acres (82.9km) were sold for $ 25,600.
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Three Huron-Wyandot chiefs from the Huron reservation (Lourette) now called Wendake in Quebec, Canada. After their defeat by the Iroquois, many Huron fled to Quebec for refuge with their French allies, where a reserve was set aside for their use. Others migrated across Lake Huron and the St. Clair
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gained fame from 1682 through 1701 as a skilled diplomat and brilliant negotiator of the Huron-Wendat, famed for his skilled argumentation. Initially, Kondiaronk played a game with the French to ensure that they would ally with the Huron-Wendat against Haudenosaunee-Iroquois aggression. Later, and
1283:. A United States government treaty granted the Wyandot Nation a small portion of fertile land located in an acute angle of the Missouri River and Kansas River, which they purchased from the Delaware in 1843. Also, the government granted 32 "floating sections", located on public lands west of the900:
The introduction of European weapons and the fur trade increased competition and the severity of inter-tribal warfare. While the Haudenosaunee could easily obtain guns in exchange for furs from Dutch traders in New York, the Wendat were required to profess Christianity to obtain a gun from French
1835:
editors write that the Huron suffered an attack during the depths of winter in March 1649, when the Iroquois had established a war camp within Huron territory. The Iroquois attacked with more than 1,000 warriors, destroying two Huron towns, and severely damaging most of a third. When other Huron
1714:
Their beliefs surrounding visions and dreams likely carried over when Hurons began converting to Christianity. Several accounts of seventeenth-century Christianized Hurons on their deathbed include visions of Heaven and Jesus Christ, which influenced believers' lives on earth. For example, one
1340:, which included Kansas. He was elected by Wyandot, white traders, and outside interests who wished to preempt the federal government's organization of the territory and to benefit from the settlement of Kansas by white settlers. Walker and others promoted Kansas as the route for the proposed872:
So many Huron died that they abandoned many of their villages and agricultural areas. About half to two-thirds of the population died in the epidemics, decreasing the population to about 12,000. Such losses had a high social cost, devastating families and clans, and disrupting their society's
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Like other Iroquoian peoples, the Wyandot have traditionally followed a matrilineal kinship system, with children considered born to the mother's lineage, their status inherited from hers. In this way her older brother is traditionally more important to her sons than their biological father.
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Since the mid-century, the Wyandot pursued claims in the United States because of having lost lands and not been fully compensated by the government. The US federal government set up the Indian Claims Court in the 1940s to address grievances filed by various Native American tribes. The court
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in returning to their Settlement at LORETTE; and they are received upon the same terms with the Canadians, being allowed the free Exercise of their Religion, their Customs, and Liberty of trading with the English: – recommending it to the Officers commanding the Posts, to treat them kindly.
1275:(Lenape). The Lenape had been grateful for the hospitality which the Wyandot had given them in Ohio, as the Lenape had been forced to move west under pressure from Anglo-European colonists. The Wyandot acquired a more-or-less square parcel north and west of the junction of the744:(Tobacco), for their cultivation of that crop. They lived further south and were divided into two moitiés or groups: the Deer and the Wolves. Considering that they formed the nucleus of the tribe later known as the Wyandot, they too may have called themselves Wendat.2621:"William N. Fenton. <italic>The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy</italic>. (The Civilization of the American Indian Series, number 223.) Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 1998. Pp. xxii, 786. $ 70.00"952:(now also called Christian Island). Most who fled to the island starved over the winter, as it was an unproductive settlement and could not provide for them. After spending the bitter winter of 1649–50 on the island, surviving Huron relocated near4191:
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Villages were moved about every ten years as the soil became less fertile and the nearby forest – from which they took firewood – grew thin. The Huron engaged in trade with neighboring tribes, notably for tobacco with the neighboring Petun and
1388:, known as "Mother Solomon". The daughter of Chief John Grey Eyes, she was born in 1816 and left Ohio in 1843. By 1889 she had returned to Ohio, when she was recorded as a spectator to the restoration of the Wyandot's Old Mission Church at1135:
and the Petun joined and became known as the Wyandot (or Wyandotte), a variation of Wendat. (This name is also related to the French transliteration of the Mohawk term for tobacco.) The western Wyandot re-formed in the area of southern
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Like other Iroquoian peoples, the Wyandot/Huron have historically been sedentary farmers who supplemented their diet with hunting and fishing. The women have traditionally cultivated several varieties of maize, squash, and beans (the
319:
The four Wyandot(te) Nations are descended from remnants of the Tionontati, Attignawantan and Wenrohronon (Wenro), that were "all unique independent tribes, who united in 1649–50 after being defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy."
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and satisfy European demand. The French allied with the Huron because they were the most advanced trading nation at the time. The Haudenosaunee tended to ally with the Dutch and later English, who settled at Albany and in the
316:(or Tobacco/Petun) people, who did not belong to the Huron (Wendat) Confederacy. However, the Wyandot(te) have connections to the Wendat-Huron through their lineage from the Attignawantan, the founding tribe of the Huron.1735:
And the thunder and lightning of his arquebus echoed for 150 years. The bold foe had been Mohawk. The Five Nations nursed a dogged animosity toward the French, with only a few interludes of real peace, from that time
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The Huron way of life was in antiquity very gender-specific in practice. Men set off for war or hunted for game to feed their people. Women made the clothes, cooked and processed game, farmed, and raised the children.
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After 1634 their numbers were drastically reduced by epidemics of new infectious diseases carried by Europeans, among whom these were endemic. The weakened Wyandotte were dispersed by the war in 1649 waged by the
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outstanding claim. The decision settled claims related to the 143-year-old treaty. In 1842 the United States had forced the tribe to sell their Ohio lands for less-than-fair value. A spokesman for the
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created the first man and woman and taught them many skills, including all their religious ceremonies and rituals, the ability to fight evil spirits, healing, and the use of the sacrament of tobacco.
1836:
villages learned about this, they panicked, fleeing their homeland and moving west. In the event, the northern shore of Lake Ontario came under the control of the Iroquois. They continued with the
1711:
world of the supernatural and took their dreams and visions very seriously, considering them especially trustworthy sources of information. Requests from the dying were considered "incontestable."
1392:. She died in Upper Sandusky on August 17, 1890. The last full blood Wyandot was Bill Moose Crowfoot who died in Upper Arlington, Ohio in 1937. He stated that 12 Wyandot families remained behind.4451:
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Confederacy (Five Nations) to the south. Once the European powers became involved in trading, the conflict among natives intensified significantly as they struggled to control the lucrative
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in French, also known as the Tobacco people for their chief commodity crop). They may originally have been a splinter colony of the Huron, to their west to form the historical Wyandot.
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The earliest written accounts of the Huron were made by the French, who began exploring North America in the 16th century. News of the Europeans reached the Huron, particularly when
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964:. Some Huron, along with the surviving Petun, whose villages the Iroquois attacked in the fall of 1649, fled to the upper Lake Michigan region, settling first at Green Bay, then at1638:
method. Each family has traditionally owned a plot of land which they farmed, which then reverted to the common property of the tribe when the individual family no longer used it.
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1311:. Big Turtle commented on the agricultural yield, which produced an annual surplus for the market. He said that the thrift of the Wyandot exceeded that of any tribe north of the618:
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and was occupied from the late 16th to early 17th century. It has been renamed as the Jean-Baptiste Lainé Site, in honor of a decorated Wendat-Huron soldier of World War II.
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confirm a historical connection between the Huron and the St. Lawrence Iroquois. But all of the Iroquoian-speaking peoples shared some aspects of their culture, including the
3489:
The Great Voyage of the Huron Country Located in America towards the Sweet Sea, in the last reaches of the New France known as Canada: with a dictionary of the Huron language
3474:
The Great Voyage of the Huron Country Located in America towards the Sweet Sea, in the last reaches of the New France known as Canada: with a Dictionary of the Huron language
998:
spanned the region from downriver of the source of the St. Lawrence River, along with three-quarters of the northern shore of Lake Ontario, to the territory of the related
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porcelain; they also suspend these from their ears, and around their locks of hair. They grease their hair and faces; they also streak their faces with black and red paint.
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Le Grand Voyage du Pays des Hurons Situé en l'Amérique vers la Mer Douce, ès Derniers Confins de la Nouvelle France dite Canada: avec un Dictionnaire de la Langue Huronne
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Le Grand Voyage du Pays des Hurons Situé en l'Amérique vers la Mer Douce, ès Derniers Confins de la Nouvelle France dite Canada: avec un Dictionnaire de la Langue Huronne
1357:
reported that the Wyandot were free (that is, they had been accepted as US citizens) and without the restrictions placed on other tribes. Their leaders were unanimously
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During the 20th century, contemporary Wyandot continued to assert their culture and identity. On August 27, 1999, representatives of the far-flung Wyandot bands from
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line. According to his account, the Wyandot nation was "contented and happy", and enjoyed better living conditions in the Indigenous territory than they had in Ohio.
343:. In the 1830s, they were forced west to Indian Territory (Kansas and finally northeastern Oklahoma) due to U.S. federal removal policies. They are related to other1641:
Historically, the Huron have lived in villages spanning from one to ten acres (40,000m), most of which were strongly fortified and enclosed by high and strong
948:
By May 1, 1649, the Huron had burned 15 of their villages to prevent their stores from being taken and fled as refugees to surrounding tribes. About 10,000 fled to
1453:
said that the government would pay $ 1,600 each, in July 1985, to 3,600 people in Kansas and Oklahoma who could prove they were descendants of Wyandot affected by
2417:
1318:
By 1855 the number of Wyandot had diminished to 600 or 700 people. On August 14 of that year, the Wyandot Nation elected a chief. The Kansas correspondent of the
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761:(TB) was endemic among the Huron, aggravated by their close and smoky living conditions in the longhouses. Despite this, the Huron on the whole were healthy. The842:
The total population of the Huron at the time of European contact has been estimated at 20,000 to 40,000 people. From 1634 to 1640, the Huron were devastated by
1760:
who demanded that he assist them in their ongoing conflict against their hated enemy. The Iroquois regarded the French as enemies for nearly one hundred years.
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505:("crooked coast"). In the late 17th century, elements of the Huron Confederacy and the Petun joined and became known as the Wyandot, a variation of Wendat.5116:
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The treaty recognized the Wyandot as a distinct nation and guaranteed that the British would not interfere with the tribe's internal affairs. In 1990, the
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traders in Canada. Therefore, they were unprepared, on March 16, 1649, when a Haudenosaunee war party of about 1,000 entered Wendake and burned the Huron
857:, which were endemic among the Europeans. The peoples of North America had no acquired immunity to these diseases and suffered very high mortality rates.4852:
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or Tobacco to become the Wyandot. Afterward, they occupied territory extending into what is now the United States, especially Michigan, and northern
1325:
They were located in Kansas, Nebraska, and unspecified sites. Surveys were not required, with the title becoming complete at the time of location.
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621:. Based on radiocarbon dating, it has been determined to have been occupied from 1587 to 1623. Its population was estimated at 1500–2000 persons.861:
have shown that beginning in 1634, more European children emigrated with their families to the New World from cities in France, Britain, and the
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688:("People of the Marshes or Bog"), may not have attained full membership in the confederacy, and may have been a division of the Attignawantan.1002:, extending north from both ends to wrap around Georgian Bay. This became their territorial center after their 1649 defeat and dispossession.4845:
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in 1907, archaeological excavations were conducted at the Jesuit mission site near Georgian Bay. The mission has since been reconstructed as
1267:. Using the funds they received for their lands in Ohio, the Wyandot purchased 23,000 acres (93km) of land for $ 46,080 in what is now4686:
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among their children. For many decades, a leading source of income for the Wyandot of Quebec has been selling pottery, traditional-pattern
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2503:"Letter of Father Francois du Peron of the Society of Jesus, to Father Joseph Imbert du Peron, his Brother, Religious of the same Society"1344:. Although the federal government did not recognize Walker's election, the political activity prompted the federal government to pass the4886:
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1445:. Originally the United States paid the Wyandot for their land at the rate of 75 cents per acre, but the land was worth $ 1.50 an acre.1621:
its alumni, EMU changed the logo after the Michigan Department of Civil Rights issued a report suggesting all schools drop such logos.
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smallpox. Historians believe the disease spread from the children to the Huron and other nations, often through contact with traders.
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2005:
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Indeed, there is now every indication that the late pre-contact Huron and their immediate antecedents developed in a distinct Huron
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which means "Dwellers of the Peninsula" or "Islanders". The Wendat historic territory was bordered on three sides by the waters of
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774:
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1930:
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directly before his death at 52, he led the 1701 final Indian congress between many of the different tribes, creating the
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The Wyandot played an important role in Kansas politics. On July 26, 1853, at a meeting at the Wyandot Council house in
986:
Main body of Georgian Bay highlighted on the map of the Great Lakes directly above Lake Ontario, with its outlet on the
672:("People of the Cord"/"Makers of cords for nets"), who made their alliance in the 15th century. They were joined by the554:
348:
2507:
The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610–1791
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The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents: Travels and Explorations of the Jesuit Missionaries in New France, 1610–1791
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Warrick, Gary (October 2003). "European Infectious Disease and Depopulation of the Wendat-Tionontate (Huron-Petun)".
1719:, because she had learned in a dying vision that her recently deceased sister had received such a bracelet from him.2655:
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264:
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Seeman, Erik R. (June 2001). "Reading Indians' Deathbed Scenes: Ethnohistorical and Representational Approaches".
312:, Canada and occupying territory around the western part of the lake. They predominantly descend from the ancient4546:
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1840:, attacking and defeating the Tobacco, Neutral, and Erie peoples in present-day western Pennsylvania and beyond.1341:
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613:, as was typical of Iroquoian cultures. A total of four Wendat ancestral village sites have been excavated in2707:
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and closely related to the Huron, and had possibly developed from the four main tribes of the Huron/Wyandot.
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383:. At various points in history these other nations have also engaged in trade and warfare with one another.279:
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1791:, and the larger Mantle Site villages are in territory that may have historically been lands of either the4561:
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Some Iroquoian longhouses were over 100 feet (30.5m) in length, and 80 feet (24m) was common.
1228:, which resulted in a major land cession to the United States. This agreement between the tribes and the4417:
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Carpenter, Roger. "Making War More Lethal: Iroquois vs. Huron in the Great Lakes Region, 1609 to 1650."
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2052:(Autumn 2012). "Trade Goods and Nations in Sagard's Dictionary: A St. Lawrence Iroquoian Perspective".583:. They were believed to number more than 30,000 at the time of European contact in the 1610s to 1620s.351:
who occupied territory mostly on the south side of Lake Ontario but also had hunting grounds along the
2443:. Vol.Scientific Papers No. 5. Northwestern University Archeological Program. pp.141–160.2134:
Pendergast, James F. (Winter 1998). "The Confusing Identities Attributed to Stadacona and Hochelaga".
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of wood in double and sometimes triple rows for defense against enemy attack. They have also lived in
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Origin and Traditional History of the Wyandotts: And Sketches of Other Indian Tribes of North America
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421:("boar's head"). According to tradition, French sailors thought that the bristly hairstyle of Wendat2727:
Black Robes at the Edge of Empire: Jesuits, Natives, and Colonial Crisis in Early Detroit, 1728–1781
1847:
Wendlas The Wyandot people or Wendat, also called the Hu-ron(on)= Nation and Hu-ron(on) Catti people
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Brant-Birioukov, Kiera; Brant-Terry, Gail; Birioukov-Brant, Anton; Maracle, Karissa; Currie, Mark.
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522:. Some historians or anthropologists proposed the people were located near the present-day site of519:
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signed a "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" with a Wyandot chief then residing in the settlement of
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1201:, the Wyandot fought alongside British allies against the United States. Under the leadership of846:
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1441:, which forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River to an area designated as700:
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586:
In 1975 and 1978, archaeologists excavated a large 15th-century Huron village, now called the
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268:
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1995:
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throughout the territory frequented by the tribe during the period the treaty was concluded.
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In the late 17th century, the Huron (Wyandot) Confederacy merged with the Iroquoian-speaking
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1091:. Accordingly, the exercise of Wyandot religion, customs, and trade benefit from continuing930:
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wrote that the Huron effectively employed natural remedies and were "more healthy than we".
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languages. According to tradition, this Wendat (or Huron) Confederacy was initiated by the
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diagnosed diseases by consulting dreams; during or after his dreams, a spirit known as an
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716:
691:
The largest Wendat settlement and capital of the confederacy, at least during the time of
566:
286:
158:
3311:. Vol.III: The Renaissance, Reformation, and Growth of Nations. Bright Ideas Press.2465:
1715:
account describes a dying woman requesting a bead bracelet from a local missionary named
3482:
1127:(1800–1874), a leader of the Wyandot people and a prominent citizen of early-day Kansas.403:. Early French explorers referred to these natives as the Huron, either from the French4826:
4781:
4776:
4706:
4671:
3463:
3367:
3090:
2922:
2743:
2513:, Hurons and Quebec: 1638–1639. Cleveland, Ohio: Burrows Brothers Company. p.155.1792:
1651:
1635:
1454:
1426:
1389:
1300:
1280:
1264:
1149:
999:
791:
704:
439:
360:
282:
3728:
2980:
2725:
5065:
4946:
4651:
4621:
4616:
4501:
4364:
4291:
4139:
4068:
4038:
3631:
3496:
3066:
3006:
2540:
2333:
2155:
2117:
2049:
1418:
1221:
1179:
1160:
1031:
906:
886:
877:
748:
547:
368:
221:
122:
3467:
2204:
1945:
1885:
4898:
4766:
4601:
4591:
4145:
4123:
4062:
4056:
3882:
3876:
3845:
3821:
1616:, several Wyandot communities in Pennsylvania and Ohio, during the mid-18th century1276:
1245:
1233:
1213:
1168:
1083:
1019:
934:
758:
645:
637:
595:
562:
558:
396:
297:
293:
174:
4941:
1163:
in Kentucky (near present-day Lexington). They drew the Kentucky militia to Lower
727:, Ontario developed near that site. The Wendat called their traditional territory391:
In the early 17th century, this Iroquoian people called themselves the Wendat, an
3448:
3432:. Vol.15, Northeastern Indians. Smithsonian Institution. pp.368–388.3409:. Vol.15, Northeastern Indians. Smithsonian Institution. pp.394–397.1159:, a British soldier. On August 15 through 19, 1782, they unsuccessfully besieged557:
Wyandot occupied the large area from the north shores of most of the present-day
323:
After their defeat in 1649 during prolonged warfare with the Five Nations of the
4911:
4348:
4086:
4032:
3921:
3911:
3861:
2745:
President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790–1795
2541:"'They Only Spoke in Sighs': The Loss of Leaders and Life in Wendake, 1633–1639"2317:
2113:
1837:
1545:
1156:
1035:
953:
862:
811:
603:
598:. In 2003 a larger village was discovered five kilometres (3.1mi) away in587:
539:
535:
531:
455:
400:
356:
305:
4837:
3449:
Dispersed but Not Destroyed: A History of the Seventeenth-Century Wendat People
2433:"Tuberculosis Lesions in a Prehistoric Population Sample from Southern Ontario"4566:
4239:
4219:
4211:
3933:
3871:
3733:– The earliest and one of the most complete dictionaries of the Huron language3619:
2580:
Rock Island: Historical Indian Archaeology in the Northern Lake Michigan Basin
2024:
Huron County Centennial History, 1859–1959: Hi-lights in 100 Years of Progress
1955:
1769:
1757:
1217:
1191:
1164:
1023:
1010:
720:
372:
336:
313:
301:
751:, another Iroquoian confederacy, but the Wyandot had good relations with the652:
The Wendat were not a tribe but a confederacy of four or more tribes who had
327:, the surviving members of the confederacy dispersed; some took residence at4916:
4044:
3897:
2632:
1646:
1561:
1405:
942:
881:
806:
in the early 17th century. Some Huron decided to go and meet the Europeans.
738:
were the Tionontate, an Iroquoian-speaking group whom the French called the
3771:
3008:
Historical Collections of Ohio in Two Volumes, an Encyclopedia of the State
2620:
1489:
List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes#Michigan
876:
Before the French arrived, the Huron had already been in conflict with the
415:
3674:. Vol.5. New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company. p.88.2640:
2568:
27, no. 2 (2001): 33–51. Accessed February 25, 2020. DOI:10.2307/20173927.
2403:
2383:
1299:
to Kansas, the Wyandot had founded good libraries along with two thriving
909:, Ontario, killing about 300 people. The Iroquois also killed many of the4977:
4936:
4536:
4471:
4462:
4080:
4050:
3865:
3540:
3328:
The Indian Peoples of Eastern America: A Documentary History of the Sexes
2147:
1753:
1642:
1613:
1556:
as a first language. They have begun to promote the study and use of the
1485:
List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes#Kansas
1473:
1469:
1378:
1312:
1137:
1047:
937:. Archaeological evidence of this displacement has been uncovered at the922:
854:
641:
629:
610:
569:
530:
peoples. Wendat is an Iroquoian language. Early 21st-century research in
523:
380:
324:
292:
The Wyandot emerged as a confederacy of tribes around the north shore of
137:
129:
4192:
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
3644:. Vol.28 (11thed.). Cambridge University Press. p.861.4951:
4906:
4661:
3939:
3281:
2325:
1966:
1175:
850:
843:
696:
684:("two white ears" i.e., “deer people”) around 1610. A fifth group, the633:
422:
392:
332:
309:
30:"Wyandots", "Wendats", and "Hurons" redirect here. For other uses, see17:
2979:. Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission. 2011. p.39. Archived from2771:"Treaty Between the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians"2385:
Masters of empire: Great Lakes Indians and the making of America
489:
Other etymological possibilities are derived from the Algonquin words
4872:
4801:
4631:
3927:
3907:
3855:
3749:
1465:
1461:
1374:
1272:
1260:
1259:
In the 1840s, most of the surviving Wyandot people were displaced to
910:
747:
There were ongoing hostilities between the Iroquoian Wyandot and the
328:
133:
98:
91:
3766:
3273:
2474:, Hurons: 1637. Cleveland, Ohio: Burrows Brothers Company. pp.2360:
1171:. The Wyandot gained the high ground and surrounded Boone's forces.3691:
3659:. Vol.7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. pp.565–583.3127:
3011:. Vol.II. Cincinnati, Ohio: C.L. Krehbiel & Co. pp.2770:
2283:
1967:
The Emigrant Tribes. Wyandot, Delaware & Shawnee. A Chronology.
1548:
limits, and it has approximately 4,410 members. They are primarily
892:
4931:
4581:
4506:
3917:
3887:
2924:
Exiles and Pioneers: Eastern Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West
1796:
1399:
1236:) ceded to the United States a part of their territory in today's1202:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1087:, found that the Huron-British Treaty of 1760 was still valid and1066:
Given under my hand at Longueuil, this 5th day of September 1760.
972:
891:
782:
740:
364:
3513:
The Children of Aataentsic: A History of the Huron People to 1660
1950:"At the Bottom of Lake Huron, an Ancient Mystery Materializes"],1564:, summer and winter moccasins, and other locally produced crafts.1361:, which meant 900 or 1,000 additional votes in opposition to the4926:
4921:
3026:
https://uahistorytrail.upperarlingtonoh.gov/bill-moose-memorial/
1610:(1818–1842), a former Wyandot reservation in Ohio, United States1241:
1141:
426:
340:
4841:
4433:
3775:
1421:
to interpret Wyandot and Jesuit history; it is adjacent to the
3352:. American Heritage – Simon & Schuster. pp.174–219.2878:
2876:
2591:
2589:
2522:
2520:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
1702:), a term denoting a person with great supernatural power. A1480:. There they formally re-established the Wendat Confederacy.1263:
Indigenous territory through the US federal policy of forced
609:
Each of the sites had been surrounded by a defensive wooden
499:
491:
429:. French fur traders and explorers referred to them as the "335:
and others were adopted by neighboring nations, such as the
3759:
2361:"Wendat Dialects and the Development of the Huron Alliance"1303:. They were in the process of organizing a division of the810:, the principal headman of the Arendarhonon tribe, went to480:
448:
3710:
1597:, they state on their website that they have 1,200 members1575:
organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes
3697:
1108:
River, settling in the northern Ohio and Michigan region.
3491:] (in French). Vol.II. Paris: Librairie Tross.1373:. Today more than 4,000 Wyandot can be found in eastern1046:
On September 5, 1760, just prior to the capitulation of
3476:] (in French). Vol.I. Paris: Librairie Tross.2902:"Wyandot Indians holding an Election-Their Land Claims"2106:(Report). Archaeological Services, Inc. December 2012.1977:
1975:
1256:
to the Wyandot in Ohio, its first to Native Americans.
347:
in the region, such as their powerful competitors, the
3210:
3208:
3102:
3035:
3033:
1369:, additional members were removed from the Midwest to617:. The large Mantle Site had more than 70 multi-family1212:
In 1807, the Wyandot joined three other tribes – the
711:
was the principal village of the Attignawantan, when
379:, but traditional enemies of the Five Nations of the2974:"Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory"905:
villages of St. Ignace and St. Louis in present-day
624:
Canadian archaeologist James F. Pendergast states:
5041:
5027:
5015:
4986:
4965:
4897:
4685:
4478:
4330:
4269:
4232:
4184:
4132:
4096:
4025:
3979:
3961:
3836:
1756:when he fought alongside a war party of Hurons and676:("People of the (lying) Rock") about 1590, and the648:, where they were encountered by Champlain in 1615.181:
168:
148:
112:
81:
76:
3371:
2953:
2921:
2900:
2742:
1174:Also in late 1782, the Wyandot joined forces with1116:Huron-Plume group – Spencerwood, Quebec City, 18803346:Brandon, William (1961). Alvin M. Josephy (ed.).2346:
1862:
1860:
990:. This is where the Huron encountered the French.929:, then based largely south of the Great Lakes in5087:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands3830:History of Native Americans in the United States3399:Garrad, Charles; Heidenreich, Conrad E. (1978).2799:"Brownstown History – The Origins of Brownstown"1167:, where the Wyandot defeated the militia led by719:were among the Hurons in 1615, a village called518:Early theories placed the Huron's origin in the218:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands2084:Stouffville history hits home in TV documentary1733:
1155:In August 1782, the Wyandot joined forces with1148:got them in trouble with their former ally the1060:
825:
626:
3599:An Ethnography of the Huron Indians, 1615-16493255:
3253:
3244:An Ethnography of the Huron Indians, 1615-16493041:"Wyandot Indians Win $ 5.5 Million Settlement"2859:. Rutgers University Press. pp.399–400.2021:Hey, Chester Andrew; Eckstein, Norman (1959).1336:(Wyandot) was elected provisional governor of640:. Subsequently they moved from there to their4853:
4445:
3787:
2101:The Archaeology of the Mantle Site (AlGt-334)1348:to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories.913:missionaries, who have since been honored as664:("People of the Bear"/"Bear Nation") and the561:, northward up to the southeastern shores of8:
3246:. Syracuse University Press. pp.91–92.2000:. University of Michigan Press. p.12.1384:The last known original Wyandot of Ohio was960:. Absorbing other refugees, they became the430:
413:
405:
296:, with their original homeland extending to50:
5112:Native Americans in the American Revolution4164:Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands3199:
3187:
3175:
3163:
3151:
2526:
2488:
1867:Nation Huronne Wendat:Registered Population1058:. The text of the treaty reads as follows:565:. From this homeland, they encountered the478:was at least related to the Iroquoian root466:, and finally spelled in its present form,454:("Cat Nation"), a name also applied to the355:. They are also related to the neighboring5024:
4860:
4846:
4838:
4452:
4438:
4430:
3794:
3780:
3772:
2828:General Commission on Archives and History2416:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (1577:in the United States identify as Wyandot:1131:In the late 17th century, elements of the49:
4297:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park2830:. United Methodist Church. Archived from2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1524:, and in 2023 had 6,883 enrolled members.1144:after their alliance with the "Flathead"3578:Huron-Wendat: The Heritage of the Circle2654:Jaenen, Cornelius J. (August 21, 2014).2441:Prehistoric Tuberculosis in the Americas2179:
2029:The Indian language contained the word,981:
5000:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement4312:Shawnee Woodland Native American Museum3294:
2883:"Civilization of the Wyandot Indians".2607:
2595:
2191:
2070:
1981:
1856:
1780:
1476:gathered at their historic homeland in3560:Heidenreich, C.E. (October 10, 2018).3378:Encyclopedia of North American Indians3226:
3214:
2928:. Cambridge University Press. p.2539:Labelle, Kathryn Magee (Autumn 2009).2409:
769:European contact and Wyandot dispersal723:may have been the capital. Modern-day3826:Native Americans in the United States3430:Handbook of the North American Indian3349:The American Heritage Book of Indians2260:"History of the Simcoe County Region"1510:federally recognized Wyandotte Nation1050:to British forces, Brigadier-General734:Closely related to the people of the575:in 1615. They historically spoke the514:Origin, and organization: before 1650442:in 1885 is that the name is from the7:
3570:(onlineed.). Historica Canada.2110:from the original on March 10, 2012.814:and allied with the French in 1609.458:. The French pronounced the name as77:Regions with significant populations4338:Native American place names in Ohio3664:Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "3516:. McGill-Queen's University Press.2501:Thwaites, Reuben Gold, ed. (1896).2464:Thwaites, Reuben Gold, ed. (1898).1969:Larry K. Hancks. Kansas City, 1998.1926:"First Nations Culture Areas Index"1904:Southern Plains Tribal Health Board1508:In the United States, there is one462:, and it gradually became known as5117:Native American tribes in Michigan5107:Native American tribes in Oklahoma4767:Fox (Meskwaki, Sauk, and Kickapoo)3545:. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co.3406:Handbook of North American Indians3067:"Volume 73, Number 66, Page 18553"2853:Weslager, Clinton Alfred (1989) .2824:"United Methodist Church Timeline"2656:"Murray Treaty of Longueuil, 1760"2120:Wendat ancestral village sites in1093:Canadian constitutional protection1069:By the Genl's Command, JA. MURRAY.788:Le Grand Voyage du Pays des Hurons25:
3653:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).3539:Clarke, Peter Dooyentate (1870).2730:(MA thesis). University of Maine.2710:, 1 SCR 1025 (24 May 1990),2680:"The Murray-Huron Treaty of 1760"2282:Sultzman, Lee (October 2, 2000).1833:American Heritage Book of Indians1819:American Heritage Book of Indians1787:Note: Both the Draper Site, near1743:American Heritage Book of Indians1429:shrine is consecrated to the ten526:and former sites of the historic4461:
4185:Prehistoric communities or sites3618:
2749:. University of Oklahoma Press.1722:According to Wyandot mythology,1528:In Canada, there is one Wyandot1294:, a Wyandot chief, wrote to the925:Confederacy of Five Nations, or775:Jesuit missions in North America249:organizations that self-identify115:
84:
58:
3446:Labelle, Kathryn Magee (2013).3424:Heidenreich, Conrad E. (1978).3376:. In Frederick E. Hoxie (ed.).3262:The Journal of American History2856:The Delaware Indians: A History2548:Journal of Historical Biography2347:Garrad & Heidenreich (1978)2231:"Indigenous Peoples in Toronto"2112:; see also the entries for the2033:, straight coast or shore, and1931:Canadian Museum of Civilization1674:Huron medicine men were called1205:, they were signatories to the411:("ruffian", "rustic"), or from144:6,883, Wyandotte Nation, in OK)5102:Native American tribes in Ohio3649:Jones, Arthur Edward (1910). "3502:The Huron Farmers of the North2625:The American Historical Review2582:. Kent State University Press.2382:McDonnell, Michael A. (2016).2359:Steckley, John (Autumn 1997).1365:of Kansas. In 1867, after the267:, a nonprofit organization in1:
3602:. Syracuse University Press.3505:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.3380:. Houghton Mifflin. pp.2962:. October 2, 1855. p.2.2909:. August 24, 1855. p.2.2037:, a crooked or winding coast.1415:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons1089:binding on the Canadian Crown889:of their New York territory.823:of 1639 describes the Huron:65:
4282:Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)4197:Archaeological sites in Ohio3730:Sagard's Dictionary of Huron3307:Hobar, Linda Lacour (2008).3047:. Reuters. February 11, 19852431:Hartney, Patrick C. (1981).2388:. New York. pp.26–30.1540:is based on two reserves in1042:Huron–British Treaty of 1760438:An alternate etymology from349:Five Nations of the Iroquois27:Native American ethnic group4302:Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum4004:Two Mile Square Reservation3999:Nawash-Kinjoano Reservation3331:. Oxford University Press.2318:10.1080/00438240320001114162136:Journal of Canadian Studies1752:made mortal enemies of the1351:An October 1855 article in544:Six Nations of the Iroquois375:—all speaking varieties of5135:
4277:Flint Ridge State Memorial4009:Upper Sandusky Reservation3716:Wyandot of Anderdon Nation3671:Collier's New Encyclopedia3596:Tooker, Elisabeth (1991).3575:Sioui, Georges E. (1999).3510:Trigger, Bruce G. (1987).3428:. In Bruce Trigger (ed.).3403:. In Bruce Trigger (ed.).3401:"Khionontateronon (Petun)"3132:Wyandot of Anderdon Nation2889:. June 1, 1853. p.3.2566:Michigan Historical Review1608:Upper Sandusky Reservation1591:Wyandot of Anderdon Nation1504:Recognized Wyandot nations1386:Margaret Grey Eyes Solomon873:structure and traditions.772:
542:, any or all of the later265:Wyandot of Anderdon Nation251:as Wyandot, including the241:federally recognized tribe235:In the United States, the36:Wyandotte (disambiguation)29:
4879:
3807:
3567:The Canadian Encyclopedia3481:Sagard, Gabriel (1865) .2661:The Canadian Encyclopedia2578:Mason, Ronald J. (1986).1994:Vogel, Virgil J. (1986).1483:There are also groups in1342:transcontinental railroad1307:and maintained a sizable636:along the north shore of553:By the 15th century, the186:
173:
153:
107:Huron-Wendat First Nation57:
5092:First Nations in Ontario4987:Treaties and land claims4401:Treaty of Camp Charlotte4343:Battle of Fallen Timbers4287:Fort Hill State Memorial3989:Blanchard's Fork Reserve3802:Native Americans in Ohio3711:Wyandot Nation of Kansas3686:Official tribal websites3166:, pp.380, 382–383.1997:Indian Names in Michigan1582:Wyandot Nation of Kansas1495:as Wyandot descendants.1451:Bureau of Indian Affairs1269:Wyandotte County, Kansas1099:Emergence of the Wyandot956:, where they settled at707:was among them however,472:William Martin Beauchamp253:Wyandot Nation of Kansas32:Wyandot (disambiguation)5097:First Nations in Quebec4994:Great Peace of Montreal4973:Seven Nations of Canada4732:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)4354:Indian removals in Ohio4317:SunWatch Indian Village4307:New Indian Ridge Museum4256:Thunderbird (mythology)4017:Indian removals in Ohio3755:"The Feast of the Dead"3737:The Huron-Wendat Museum3641:Encyclopædia Britannica2920:Bowes, John P. (2007).2724:Toups, Eric J. (2019).2088:Stouffville Sun-Tribune1593:, with headquarters in1396:20th century to present1079:Supreme Court of Canada1016:Great Peace of Montreal859:Epidemiological studies500:
492:
481:
474:concurred in 1907 that449:
4899:Ethnolinguistic groups4883:Northeastern Woodlands4468:Native American tribes4395:Siege of Fort Recovery3994:Moravian Indian Grants3325:Axtell, James (1981).3309:The Mystery of History2365:Northeast Anthropology2122:Whitchurch-Stouffville2027:. Harbor Beach Times.1747:
1678:(sometimes spelled as1552:in religion and speak1431:North American martyrs1409:
1128:
1117:
1109:
1075:
991:
915:North American Martyrs897:
896:Trek of Huron diaspora840:
795:
650:
615:Whitchurch-Stouffville600:Whitchurch-Stouffville528:St. Lawrence Iroquoian497:("straight coast") or431:
414:
406:
257:nonprofit organization40:Huron (disambiguation)5016:Regional councils and4418:Yellow Creek massacre3694:, Wyandotte, Oklahoma3656:Catholic Encyclopedia3107:Nation Huronne-Wendat2834:on September 28, 20112776:World Digital Library2741:Sword, Wiley (1985).2687:Native Studies Review2633:10.1086/ahr/104.3.8931776:Explanatory footnotes1403:
1238:Southeastern Michigan1123:
1115:
1106:
985:
975:nation (known as the895:
786:
654:mutually intelligible602:; it is known as the224:, and speakers of an182:Related ethnic groups4978:Iroquois Confederacy4762:Mescalero-Chiricahua4517:Cheyenne and Arapaho4412:Treaty of Grouseland4406:Treaty of Greenville4383:Raid on Pickawillany4371:Northwest Indian War4322:Zane Shawnee Caverns4251:Petroglyphs in Ohio4207:Petroglyphs in Ohio4152:Glacial Kame culture4133:Prehistoric cultures4097:Historic communities3971:Algonquian languages3767:History of the Huron3005:Howe, Henry (1898).2610:, pp.182, 189.2598:, pp.189, 194.2148:10.3138/jcs.32.4.1491952:Scientific American,1569:Unrecognized groups1520:is headquartered in1207:Treaty of Greenville1199:Northwest Indian War988:Saint Lawrence River804:Saint Lawrence River425:resembled that of a4966:Historical polities4169:Monongahela culture4119:Muskingum (village)3981:Former reservations3953:Western Confederacy3818:Northwest Territory3705:Unrecognized groups3698:Huron-Wendat Nation3623:Texts on Wikisource2955:"Affairs In Kansas"2779:. November 17, 18072664:(onlineed.).1954:June 1, 2021 – see1750:Samuel de Champlain1586:Kansas City, Kansas1584:, headquartered in1538:Huron-Wendat Nation1522:Wyandotte, Oklahoma1363:Free State movement1346:Kansas–Nebraska Act1321:Missouri Republican1188:siege of Fort Henry1186:in an unsuccessful939:Rock Island II Site847:infectious diseases833:François du Peron,800:Samuel de Champlain713:Samuel de Champlain573:Samuel de Champlain520:St. Lawrence Valley435:" (good Iroquois).377:Iroquoian languages276:Huron-Wendat Nation261:Kansas City, Kansas245:Wyandotte, Oklahoma64:Wyandot moccasins,54:
5082:Great Lakes tribes4869:Indigenous peoples4532:Citizen Potawatomi4389:St. Clair's defeat4359:Lord Dunmore's War4261:Underwater panther4177:(Late Prehistoric)4175:Whittlesey culture4148:(Late Prehistoric)4109:Lenape settlements3810:Prehistory of Ohio3757:, Erik R. Seeman,3319:General references3200:Heidenreich (1978)3188:Heidenreich (1978)3176:Heidenreich (1978)3164:Heidenreich (1978)3152:Heidenreich (1978)3045:The New York Times2960:The New York Times2907:The New York Times2886:The New York Times2527:Heidenreich (1978)2489:Heidenreich (1978)2182:, pp.263–65.1900:"Wyandotte Nation"1789:Pickering, Ontario1439:Indian Removal Act1410:
1367:American Civil War1354:The New York Times1338:Nebraska Territory1309:temperance society1305:Sons of Temperance1296:Ohio State Journal1230:Michigan Territory1129:
1118:
1110:
992:
898:
796:
736:Huron Confederacay670:Hatingeennonniahak592:Pickering, Ontario581:Iroquoian language353:St. Lawrence River5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
4835:
4834:
4757:Hitchiti-Mikasuki4497:Alabama-Quassarte4427:
4426:
4160:(Middle Woodland)4114:Lower Shawneetown3700:, Wendake, Quebec3609:978-0-8156-2526-13588:978-0-7748-0715-93523:978-0-7735-0627-53497:Trigger, Bruce G.3458:978-0-7748-2556-63439:978-0-1600-4575-23416:978-0-1600-4575-23391:978-0-395-66921-13338:978-0-19-502741-93240:Tooker, Elisabeth2939:978-0-521-85755-02866:978-0-8135-1494-92756:978-0-8061-1864-22395:978-0-8090-6800-52306:World Archaeology2114:Aurora (Old Fort)1741:William Brandon,1595:Trenton, Michigan1544:, now within the1377:and northeastern1285:Mississippi River1240:and a section of1226:Treaty of Detroit1224:– in signing the1133:Huron Confederacy962:Huron Confederacy666:Attigneenongnahac345:Iroquoian peoples269:Trenton, Michigan247:. There are also243:headquartered in194:
193:
189:Iroquoian peoples141:
102:
16:(Redirected from5124:
5042:Tribal Council 25028:Tribal Council 15025:
4881:Cultural areas:4862:
4855:
4848:
4839:
4687:Tribal languages4667:United Keetoowah4597:Muscogee (Creek)4557:Fort Sill Apache4492:Absentee Shawnee4466:
4465:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4431:
4142:(Early Woodland)4026:Historic figures3796:
3789:
3782:
3773:
3763:, August 2, 20113692:Wyandotte Nation3675:
3660:
3645:
3622:
3613:
3592:
3571:
3556:
3527:
3506:
3492:
3477:
3443:
3420:
3395:
3375:
3363:
3342:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3099:
3093:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3074:Federal Register3071:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2927:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2803:sites.google.com2795:
2789:
2788:
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2738:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2715:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2666:Historica Canada2651:
2645:
2644:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2545:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2437:Jane E. Buikstra2428:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2407:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2301:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2268:Georgian College2264:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2235:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2209:Wyandotte Nation2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2160:
2159:
2131:
2125:
2111:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2090:, July 11, 2012.2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1906:. April 10, 20171896:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1869:
1864:
1841:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1785:
1745:
1558:Wyandot language1518:Wyandotte Nation1478:Midland, Ontario1443:Indian Territory1371:Indian Territory1250:Methodist Church1232:(represented by1140:but migrated to838:
835:Jesuit Relations820:Jesuit Relations779:Huronia (region)577:Wyandot language503:
495:
484:
452:
434:
419:
409:
237:Wyandotte Nation127:
125:
121:
119:
118:
96:
94:
90:
88:
87:
70:Bata Shoe Museum67:
62:
55:
21:
5134:
5133:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5051:
5037:
5017:
5011:
5006:Paix des Braves4982:
4961:
4893:
4875:
4866:
4836:
4831:
4689:
4681:
4552:Eastern Shawnee4542:Delaware Nation4483:
4481:
4474:
4460:
4458:
4428:
4423:
4326:
4265:
4228:
4224:Wilderness Road4180:
4171:(Late Woodland)4128:
4104:Hell Town, Ohio4092:
4021:
3975:
3957:
3838:Historic tribes3832:
3814:History of Ohio3803:
3800:
3741:Wendake, Quebec3683:
3678:
3663:
3648:
3634:, ed. (1911). "3630:
3610:
3595:
3589:
3574:
3559:
3553:
3538:
3534:
3532:Further reading3524:
3509:
3495:
3480:
3464:Sagard, Gabriel3462:
3440:
3423:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3373:"Huron/Wyandot"3368:Dickason, Olive3366:
3360:
3345:
3339:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3274:10.2307/26749173259:
3258:
3251:
3238:
3237:
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3221:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
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3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3079:
3077:
3076:. April 4, 20083069:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3020:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2986:on May 12, 20122983:
2976:
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2919:
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2782:
2780:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:1990 CanLII 1032702:
2698:
2693:(2): 131. 1990.2682:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2619:
2618:
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2602:
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2572:
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2500:
2499:
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2381:
2380:
2376:
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2341:
2303:
2302:
2291:
2284:"Huron History"2281:
2280:
2276:
2271:. May 17, 2017.2262:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2180:Dickason (1996)2178:
2163:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2081:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2054:Ontario History2048:
2047:
2043:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1746:
1740:
1732:
1717:Jean de Brébeuf1672:
1627:
1604:
1571:
1542:Wendake, Quebec1506:
1501:
1423:Martyrs' Shrine1398:
1301:Sabbath schools1101:
1072:
1070:
1044:
1034:that ended the1008:
966:Michilimackinac839:
832:
781:
771:
717:Joseph Le Caron699:was located at693:Jean de Brébeuf516:
511:
389:
287:Wendake, Quebec274:In Canada, the126:
116:
114:
113:
95:
85:
83:
82:
72:
52:
48:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5072:Wyandot people5064:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5038:
5036:
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4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
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4919:
4914:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4895:
4894:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4842:
4833:
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4794:
4789:
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4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4690:(still spoken)4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4607:Otoe-Missouria4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Delaware Tribe4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
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4475:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4449:
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4434:
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4424:
4422:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4386:
4380:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4246:Mounds in Ohio4243:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Mounds in Ohio4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4172:
4166:
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4149:
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4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
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3720:
3719:
3713:
3702:
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3682:
3681:External links3679:
3677:
3676:
3661:
3646:
3632:Chisholm, Hugh3627:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3572:
3562:"Huron-Wendat"3557:
3551:
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3507:
3493:
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3358:
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3337:
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3317:
3315:
3314:
3299:
3297:, p.187.3295:Brandon (1961)3287:
3249:
3231:
3219:
3204:
3202:, p.385.3192:
3190:, p.381.3180:
3178:, p.380.3168:
3156:
3154:, p.378.3144:
3119:
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2716:
2696:
2671:
2646:
2612:
2608:Brandon (1961)2600:
2596:Brandon (1961)2585:
2570:
2557:
2531:
2529:, p.369.2516:
2493:
2491:, p.379.2481:
2456:
2449:
2423:
2394:
2374:
2351:
2349:, p.394.2339:
2312:(2): 258–275.2289:
2274:
2251:
2221:
2196:
2192:Trigger (1987)2184:
2161:
2142:(4): 149–167.2126:
2092:
2075:
2071:Brandon (1961)2063:
2050:Steckley, John2041:
2013:
2006:
1986:
1982:Trigger (1987)1971:
1959:
1937:
1917:
1891:
1870:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1824:
1810:
1801:
1797:Tobacco people1793:Neutral people1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1671:
1668:
1636:slash-and-burn1626:
1623:
1618:
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1611:
1603:
1602:Defunct groups1600:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1526:
1525:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1499:Wyandot groups1497:
1455:Indian Removal1427:Roman Catholic1408:, near Toronto1404:Interior of a1397:
1394:
1390:Upper Sandusky1334:William Walker1290:In June 1853,1281:Missouri River1265:Indian removal1252:established a1125:William Walker1100:
1097:
1043:
1040:
1007:
1004:
1000:Neutral people830:
792:Gabriel Sagard770:
767:
709:Quienonascaran705:Gabriel Sagard662:Attinniaoenten515:
512:
510:
507:
440:Russell Errett388:
385:
361:Neutral Nation198:Wyandot people192:
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4908:
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4902:
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4673:
4670:
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4665:
4663:
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4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4647:Seneca-Cayuga4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
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4625:
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4618:
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4608:
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4407:
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4390:
4387:
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4381:
4378:
4377:Pontiac's War4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4365:Nanfan Treaty4363:
4360:
4357:
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4318:
4315:
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4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
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4292:Fort Recovery4290:
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2627:. June 1999.2626:
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2205:"Our Journey"2200:
2197:
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2017:
2014:
2009:
2007:0-472-06365-02003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1984:, p.27.1983:
1978:
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2509:. Vol.2506:
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2470:. Vol.2466:
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1350:
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